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electric charge define, their unit and properties

electric charge define, their unit and properties

 

electric charge define, their unit and properties


Electric charge is the fundamental unit of electric charge. It was discovered in 600 BC. Electric charge define as

"It is the property of matter or substance due to which matter experience electric and magnetic effect".

Let us understand with a example, if we bring a balloon near to tiny pieces of paper, it will not any effect on them. However, we rubbered balloon with a dry hair and then brought near to tiny pieces of paper.

We observed that tiny pieces of paper is attract by the balloon, it's means that first when take a balloon and some tiny pieces of paper near to each other there is no action take place because their is no charge present their both body are electrically netural state.

Secondly, when we rubbed balloon with dry hair, their presents electric charge, so it is cable to attract tiny pieces of paper. Similarly, it will also show on, a glass rod rubbed with silk cloth and an ebonite rod rubbed with woollen cloth, etc.

Unit of charge

The SI unit of the electric charge is "coulomb" which is denoted by letter 'C'. One unit of coulomb is equal to the charge contain in 6.24 × 1018 electrons.Thus, coulomb is a very big unit of electric charge.

Types of electric charge
Firstly, we study about the discovery of types of electric charge:- It was observer that if two glass rods rub with silk or wool cloth, they are repel to each other. The two strands of wool or two pieces of silk cloth, also repel each other. Therefore, both body have same charge or like charge. Similarly, two plastic rods rubbed with cat's fur repelled each other but attracted with fur. On the other hand, plastic rod attract the glass rod and repel the silk or wool with which the glass rod is rubbed. Here we conclude that there are two types of charge - positive charge and negative charge. The charged named positive and negative are give by the American scientist Benjamin Franklin.

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Conversation of electric charge

  • Charge can neither be created nor be distorted only be transfer from one body to another body.
  • The total charge of an isolated system is constant or zero. 
  • Charge is independent of speed.
  • If a body have charge, it also have mass.

Properties of electric charge

  • Charge is transferable.
  • Charge is always associate with mass.
  • Opposite charge or unlike charge attract each other. For example, a positive charge attract a negative charge atom.
  • Similar charge or like charge repel to each other. For example, a positive charge repel to negative charge or vica-verse.
  • If a system have lot of charge, then their summation is equal to total number of charge present in the body.
  • When bodies are charged by rubbering then there is transfer of electron from one body to another body, no new charge are created or distorted.
  • The quantization of charge is define the integral multiple of elementary charges.
Q = ne
 Where,
                n is the number of electron present in the body.
              e is the charge of electron which is 1.6 x 10 -19 Coulomb.

Conductor and insulator

 The substance in which electric charge can be flow easily are known as conductor. In other words,"Those metal or conductor in which electricity or electric charge can be flow easily are called conductor". 
All the metal like Gold, Copper, Silver and Aluminum, etc are called conductor. Some metal alloys such as constantan, nichrome, and nichrome, but their electrical conductivity is much less that of pure metal. 
The element carbon, in the form of graphite is also called conductor. The human body is a fairly good conductor.

The substance through which electric charge or electricity cannot flow, are called insulator. Rubber, glass, ebonite, most plastic, paper, dry wood, Mica, Bakelite, and dry air are insulator because they do not allow electric charge or electricity to flow through them.

Electric current

When two charged bodies are connected by a metal wire, then electric charge is flow from higher potential body to lower potential body. The flow of charge per unit is known as electric current. In other words," Rate of change of charge per unit time is define as electric current".

conventional direction of current

In a battery or a cell, the electric current will be flow from positive terminal toward negative terminal. This show that whenever current will be flow from positive terminal toward negative terminal then the electron will be flow from negative terminal toward positive terminal. Hence, the conventional direction of electric current is from positive terminal toward negative terminal.

Formula of electric current

It is the ratio between Q coulomb flow through a conductor in time to second, then the magnetic of I of the electric current is 

I = Q/t

Unit of electric charge

The SI unit of electric current is Ampere which is denoted by letter 'A'. One ampere current is define as the ratio of one coulomb charge flow through the conductor in one second time. 

Ammeter



The device named Ammeter which is used to calculate or measure the flow of electric current in the entire circuit. The Ammeter is always connected in series with the circuit to measure electric current. Therefore, the total current passes through the Ammeter, therefore an Ammeter have very low resistance. So, that it give the accurate value of current flowing in the entire circuit.